Speaking to the press after his Aggrey-Fraser-Guggisberg Memorial lecture at the University of Ghana, Prof. Akyeampong bemoaned Africa’s dependence on food aid from the West and China when it has vast arable lands.

He proposed an industrialized economic structure driven by agribusiness as Africa’s key to development.

“We can’t feed ourselves; we are dependent on food imports and on food aid. Countries outside Africa including China and Arab countries are very interested in Africa land because they are concerned about their own food security. We are people who beg while we are holding a golden bowl. We sit on all these lands and mineral resources that people are looking at.”

“I think we have to first of all begin by feeding ourselves and by bringing agriculture to that level of efficiency so that agriculture begins to provide that first line of agric-based business. In Africa, what we are seeing is a decline in agriculture. We are more inefficient as farmers today than we were at the colonial days yet we seem not only to have declined in agriculture, we have skipped manufacturing to go into service – telecommunications, cell phones, media and all that. I have also pointed out that no country has developed by skipping manufacturing.”

Prof. Emmanuel Akyeampong also called for rural infrastructure to support mechanized agriculture; something he says the government of Ghana is exploring.

Prof. Akyeampong made the remark ahead of his presentation at the Aggrey-Fraser-Guggisberg Memorial lecture at the University of Ghana on Friday, on the theme: “African socialism; or the search for an indigenous model of economic development in Ghana?”

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By: Caleb Kudah/citifmonline.com/Ghana

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But they say the most worrying revelation was just how few Africans have access to elective surgery – surgery that is scheduled in advance.

The number of these operations is 20 times lower than the demand, the study in the Lancet medical journal says.

They call the deficit a “silent killer”.

Prof Bruce Biccard, a co-author of the study from the University of Cape Town, told The Guardian the main problem was a lack of medical staff to spot complications after the surgery.

“[The reason] that people do so terribly in Africa from a surgical point of view is that there are just no human resources,” he said.

Post-surgery survival rates are lower in Africa than the global average despite patients there being younger and lower risk, the report says.

Patients in Africa also mostly undergo surgery that is “more minor” and have “fewer complications”.

It was the largest study of its kind ever undertaken in Africa, conducted by 30 African researchers across 247 hospitals in 25 countries.

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Source: BBC

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Ghana was the first sub-Saharan country on the continent to gain independence in 1957, and has often served as a leading voice on matters affecting other nations.

[contextly_sidebar id=”QvPWHB5vgVx0E2vCFOtTwyPkni39JSJJ”]According to Ken Ofori-Atta, given the country’s place in the history of Africa and the role the country plays on the continent, it would be embarrassing for Ghana not to achieve complete autonomy from aid from Western and Eastern superpowers.

“Ghana is a beacon to countries across Africa. We led the way to independence, and it is our moral duty to continue being a positive role model. Besides, we cannot continue going to our colonial masters cup-in-hand forever,” he said.

“Our dignity as a people is at stake. Ghana should not be poor. The president has said this on many occasions, the Vice President has also said it, and I reiterate; Ghana should not be poor.”

The Finance Minister, who addressed the 3rd Aliu Mahama Memorial Lecture at the National Theatre on Thursday, accused successive governments of padding the country’s revenue deficits with donor aid and loans.

He insisted that the Akufo-Addo administration was committed to ensuring that it reduces the country’s dependence on donor support until the country becomes independent of aid.

“Over the years, government revenue has not been at par with its expenditure,  and successive governments have always plugged the gap either through domestic borrowing or bilateral aid from donors,” the Finance Minister said.

“As a result of the country’s current lower middle-income status, donor aid is shrinking, and should soon belong to the past. Ghana beyond aid calls for a rethink of our trajectory, our systems and our aspirations.”

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By: Edwin Kwakofi/citifmonline.com/Ghana

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Dr. Ibin Chambas said this when he spoke on Wednesday at the inaugural UPSA Annual Leadership Lecture in Accra, organized by the University.

[contextly_sidebar id=”NRuMmJw8DZ69rpaZYtkfyivq5ksKS7Kr”]He said the youth have to be critical thinkers, and be able question the world around them, while also being able to identify existing challenges, power structures and barriers, to be able to expose contradictions and biases.

He also noted that, the youth must be change makers, stating that they should have the power to act and mobilize others, and do more to promote African culture.

“Young people have displayed remarkable talent and skill in developing and exposing African culture through the film and music industries, with far reaching influence. Today, Nollywood is the world’s second-largest cinematographic power in terms of the number of films since 2009, with a regular audience of an estimated at 150 million viewers,” he said.

“Also growing in the industry is Ghana and Kenya amongst others. Additionally, the African fashion industry is successfully promoting and cultivating African and African-inspired design talent on the continent and the world stage.”

Ibn Chambas,  a strong advocate of youth development, urged young Africans to be innovators and to proudly display their remarkable skills to the rest of the world.

According to him, when young people are empowered with the knowledge of their rights and supported to develop leadership skills, they can drive change in their communities and countries.

Ibn Chambas added that, the youth have to take the mantle into their own hands in creating the kind of Africa they want to live in by coming together and defining their own culture and value systems.

“The youths themselves must intentionally create a culture that encourages the building and shaping of the Africa that they want. The change they want begins with them coming together and developing their own culture and value system for thinking, planning, implementation, accountability, integrity, and collaboration. It is up to the African youth to step up shape the narrative of our continent, ” he said.

He also urged governments across the continent to engage youth from all walks of life on national issues in order to ensure their involvement in the quest to attain the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

“If countries are to succeed in achieving the SDGs, leaving no one behind along the way, governments must seek out an active and substantive engagement of young women and men from diverse backgrounds in national-level planning, implementation, and monitoring”

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By: Farida Yusif/Citifmonline.com/Ghana

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According to Dr. Ibn Chambas, despite the potential of a large population size to translate into significant economic growth as had been seen in countries like China and India, it was imperative for African countries to control the recent “demographic explosion” that the continent was experiencing.

[contextly_sidebar id=”YCltBSQbi0W9NXl293OIvJdLESdavlP6″]Speaking at the inaugural UPSA Annual Leadership Lecture in Accra on Wednesday, Dr. Ibn Chambas, argued that, African countries risked collapsing under the weight of large populations as the social structures that are in place were already struggling to cope with the needs of the existing population.

“Population growth per se is welcome as it is also a factor of economic growth. In case of Africa, so far, it is rather a problem because the population grows faster than the economy, and countries cannot cope with the increasing demands for basic social services such as water, sanitation, education, and health. Although urbanization is needed for the transformation of African economies, its rapid pace adds to the stress on the economy; hence the need to manage it properly.”

United Nation estimates show that, the population of sub-Saharan Africa is expected to exceed three billion by the next century.

According to Dr. Chambas, Nigeria and Tanzania are also estimated to become the third and fifth most populous countries in the world by the time, while the Democratic Republic of Congo will be third African country in the top ten.

“Being the most rapidly growing part of the world, sub-Saharan Africa’s one billion people will surge in the next 50 years to two billion and three billion and reach an estimated 3.7 billion in 2100, right behind Asia’s four billion by then. Based on well-regarded UN Population Division estimates, Nigeria will become the third most populated nation in the world, after India and China. Tanzania, now a mere 75 million people, will soar to 340 million and become the fifth largest country in the world. The Democratic Republic of Congo will hold 212 million and be the eighth largest polity, bigger at that time than Brazil.”

Rural extinction

Dr. Ibn Chambas noted that, the rise in the population in the African countries was translating into the congestion of the urban areas and big cities on the continent.

This, he said, would result in cities “mushrooming” and a decline in the population in rural area “from 50 percent of the total today to 25 per cent of the population in 2100.

Such a major surge in the population, according to him, would create numerous challenges in resource allocation, quality service provision and governance.

“Where will the food to feed these new millions come from? How will they be governed? Are current methods of political management adequate? Most of all, can Africa, like Asia, realize a demographic dividend if educational resources are sparse and new employment possibilities cannot keep pace with population growth?,” he queried.
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By: Edwin Kwakofi/citifmonline.com/Ghana

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The  lecture by the University of Professional Studies, was on the theme “Equipping the youth to renegotiate Africa’s position in the era of Africa Rising.”

Among other things,  he urged African leaders to place a lot more focus on the management of the rate of increase in the population of their countries as it could negatively affect their economic growth.

He also called on the leaders to effectively tackle corruption and promote accountability in their states as that would be a giant step towards the development they seek.

Click here for the full Speech delivered by Dr. Ibn Chambas

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By: citifmonline.com/Ghana

The post Ibn Chambas’ speech on Africa’s challenges at UPSA Leadership Lecture[Full Text] appeared first on Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always.

This according to him can largely be attributed to the acceptance of democracy in most of the countries within the continent.

“In Africa, the era of military coups seems to be fading into distant memory with the upsurge of democratically-elected leaders,” he said.

[contextly_sidebar id=”YIxA4mEJR7WekZ9Kr3dTcSGaCCjMfU49″]Some African countries including Ghana, experienced a number of coups with the perpetrators often accusing those they forcefully takeover from with corruption, mismanagement and bad governance.

In Ghana, the last forceful government takeover was led by Flt Lt. Jerry John Rawlings in 1979, who later placed Ghana under a constitutional rule.

Prior to that a number of coups had occurred.

On February 24, 1966, Ghana first president, Kwame Nkrumah was overthrown in a coup led by Joseph Arthur Ankrah.

A year after, another coup was triggered in 1967 but failed to achieve its objective.

Kofi Abrefa Busia, a Prime Minister of Ghana was also kicked out in a coup on January 13, 1972 led by Ignatius Kutu Acheampong.

Kutu Acheampong again on July 5, 1978 dethroned Fred Akuffo, a soldier and politician and served as the head of state at the time.

In 2016, Presidential guard officers in Burkina Faso ejected the country’s leader few weeks to their election.

The coup derailed a delicate peace process in Burkina Faso, which at the time was preparing to head to the polls for a vote aimed at restoring democracy after last year’s overthrow of long time leader Blaise Compaore.

This action was widely condemned by leaders within the sub-region.

Former President John Mahama who gave a lecture on Thursday during a graduation ceremony at the Institute of Security Studies in Abuja, Nigeria, said although democratic governance is adored in many parts of the world, it also has its downside.

Speaking on the topic “Challenges of democracy and development in Africa,” Mr. Mahama noted that: “while democratic and open governments are held up as the best system and dictatorships are frowned upon, I wish to state with emphasis, that there is no ‘one size fits all’ system of governance.”

“Democracies are generally preferred because of the protection of human rights, transparent and accountable governance, open government, free speech and stability. But democratic systems also have the downside of high cost of periodic elections, the influence of special interests on elected leaders and the general lack of a sharp national focus, in some cases, because of the frequent changing of leadership and change of national development plans anytime such changes happen, and also the generally slow nature of the decision- making process.”

He also said democratic governance is being undermined by lack of jobs which he said is a threat to stability.

“It is also important to look at what the growing threats to democratic consolidation in Africa are. These include lack of jobs for a fast-growing population, inequality, election fatigue and mistrust of the political elite, and lately, the effects of election disputes. Africa currently has the fastest growing population in the world. It is said that persons under 35 constitute about 70% of the African population. With improved educational outcomes, the challenge of finding jobs in our economies to absorb these teeming numbers of young people is a dire threat to the stability of the continent.”

“In Ghana, the entire public service is made up of 600,000 people out of a population of 27 million. We have 50,000 graduates every year coming out of the universities and other tertiary institutions and hoping to find work in the public service. This is difficult. But that is why we need to equip these young people with entrepreneurial skills to see themselves not only as employees, but potential employers, and to give them the skills that enables them to go out into the world and set up their own businesses,” the former president added.

Click here for John Mahama’s full lecture:

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By: Godwin Akweiteh Allotey/citifmonline.com/Ghana
Follow @AlloteyGodwin

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Let’s make it clear from the onset that in our discussions pertaining to energy poverty in SSA, South Africa that accounts for about 50% of electricity consumed in Africa is not among the SSA countries.

It must be noted also that the substantial portion of the other 50% of the meager amount of electricity in Africa is consumed by the five northern African countries, namely Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. Hence 46 countries in the SSA, including Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, consume less than several small countries in Europe.

It is worth noting that due to financial constraints in SSA, new power plants are built with insufficient generating capacities, making the tariffs of the generated electricity too high for the majority of people with low purchasing power. Hence many Governments are ethically bound to subsidize the electricity consumption of the poor. So it is paramount to make tariffs as low as possible, and that depends on (1) the choice of the primary energy source for power generation, and (2) by economies of scale, — the larger the installed capacity, the lower will be the tariff.

Obviously, to build large power stations with installed capacities exceeding 2000 MWe may not be technically feasible for several individual countries in the West African sub-region, but may be appropriate to serve say 3-4 countries.

This comes somehow close to the stance of Ghana’s successive Presidents to make Ghana a hub of power supply in our sub-region. Ghana started to export electricity to its neighbors long ago, and currently has transmission line connections with La Cote d’Ivoire to the west, Togo and Benin to the east, as well as Burkina Faso to the north of Ghana. The rate of power export has however dwindled with Ghana even importing power sometimes from La Cote d’Ivoire with associated trips in the transmission lines.

It is also important to add that, great is the wish of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to have reliable and affordable power supply to improve quality of life in the sub-region from abject poverty. In fact the 14 countries in ECOWAS have had since the year 2000 the West Africa Power Pool (WAPP) program to boost power supply in this region.

So far only seven countries, namely Ghana, La Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Niger are currently inter-connected, with Ghana, La Cote d’Ivoire and Nigeria serving as the hubs of power supply. It is quite certain that, whenever a couple of sufficiently large generating capacities are added in our sub-region, other countries; – Mali, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Senegal and Gambia could also be inter-connected.

In this global village, energy is associated with many-sided issue, and this is also evident in our quest for suitable energy to accelerate our economic growth. We should recall that, prior to the epic 21st Convention of Parties (COP-21) for the Universal Paris Agreement in 2015, all countries pledged to curb their carbon emissions meaningfully. Since the pledged commitments, known in the agreement as the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) were not adequate enough, all the countries have been asked to pursue efforts to cut deeper and faster their carbon emissions so that by 2050 the increase in global warming would be less than 1.5°C above the pre-industrial levels. Furthermore, they are expected to submit every five years, updated INDCs which should be more vigorous than the preceding ones.

The rich countries have enormously contributed to environmental pollution and climate change from the profuse use of fossil fuels, and are still the leading polluters. It can be deduced from the records of carbon emissions per capita that, energy consumed per capita in the west, is consumed in SSA by 20-30 people just for their basic subsistence needs.

Yet, the rich nations steadfastly oppose any differentiated responsibility in the Paris Agreement. Let’s note also that in 2015 or so, China said its use of fossil fuel would peak in 16 years, giving China an ample time to develop its quality of life closer to that in the west. India, another country fast growing economy, has also made a similar statement. Against this background, we would underline in Issue 1, the urgency of the energy poverty in SSA, which can be perceived, perhaps, by how far Ghana has been left behind in electricity consumption by her close competitors in the 1960s.

In Issue 2, we shall show that the Kyoto Protocol, which was replaced by the Paris Agreement, was human-centered as the first and second UN sponsored environmental summits in 1972 and 1992 in Stockholm, Sweden and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil respectively. We shall discuss also; (1) the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which organizes annually climate change meetings, known as the Convention of the Parties (COP), and (2) the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC has three working groups respectively responsible for (1) the scientific aspect, (2) the consequences, and (3) mitigation options for climate change.

The IPCC has developed five Assessment Reports. The Third Assessment for the third group was incidentally held in Accra in 2001. Whereas the report said among other things that intermittent Wind Power (WP) and Solar Power (SP) could not be used for a stand-alone power source, Nuclear Power (NP) was described as a mature technology that could effectively replace coal-fired plants. But the NP, the most effective mitigation option for global warming is hardly mentioned at climate change meetings. The 7th goal of the Sustainable Development Goals is also silent on NP. It will be shown in our discussions later that, that is wrong.

In Issue 3, we shall discuss that the choice of a primary energy source for a new power is greatly influenced by variables, such as (1) capital or investment cost, (2) material or/and land requirements, (3) externalities or external costs, dealing with environmental issues, (4) energy security, and (5) capacity factor (CF), which varies from 90 to 15 or 10%, depending on the choice of the primary energy source. We shall also discuss the current status of the primary energy sources in three distinctive categories, – renewables, fossil fuels, and nuclear energy with the expectation of zero carbon emissions, not only in the energy sector, but also in industrial, domestic, and transport sectors, by 2050.

It will be argued in Issue 4 that the merits of NP are obscured by people’s misconception of nuclear energy. And yet, no effort is made to disseminate to the general public the results of many studies which show that NP is safe and clean. It needs to be said also that the proponents for WP and SP tend to over-glorify WP and SP when they, unknowingly or willfully fail to mention their limitations. Due to their intermittency, WP and SP are not dispatch-able, or simply put, not reliable for the grid. If we can take as a litmus test Germany’s vow in 2011 to replace NP with WP and SP, then we can immediately see the results of such decisions which include (1) skyrocketing tariffs mainly for domestic consumers, and (2) often unstable power systems which affect also Germany’s neighboring countries.

Issue 5 will be on the Deep De-carbonization Pathway Project (DDPP), undertaken by 16 leading countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, the UK, and the USA. The publishers of the DDPP were Teresa Ribera of IDDRI and Jeffrey Sachs of SDSN, who was Energy and Ecology Advisor to the former UN secretaries Messrs Ban Ki-Moon and Kofi Anann. Two DDPP reports were issued before the COP-21 meeting in Paris in 2015. It must be stated that NP will not be part of energy-mix by 2050 in Germany and in Italy, where political referenda have barred the use of NP in Italy. But it is interesting to note that, Italy says in her report that, the unavailability of NP is its top challenge, which makes things more costly.

In Issue 6 and the subsequent chapters, we shall discuss several aspects of NP to allay many peoples’ concerns about NP. Let’s underscore first that NP is safe and clean. Note that France, and the entire EU have used NP to produce substantial amount of clean and affordable electricity yearly for decades without any fatalities or serious injuries. On the other hand, there have been serious injuries and fatalities from other energy sources, including WP and SP.

Let’s note that nobody died from the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, despite the scaremongers’ apocalyptic predictions of heavy casualties. It can be found from www.caithnesswindfarms.co.uk/AccidentStatistics.htm, that there were 15 fatal accidents in 2011 associated with WP. It can be found on this website that the number of fatal accidents associated with WP from 2011 to end of May, 2017 is 55, arguably the number of fatalities could be more than 55.

Nuclear reactors are robustly built with several in-depth measures and multiple barriers to make them as safe as possible. That is technically feasible due to the smallness of nuclear fuel, and that can be deduced from Albert Einstein’s famous equation E=mc2, where ‘m’ stands for the mass of fuel, while ‘c’ is the speed of light which is about 300,000,000 meter per second, a very huge figure. Hence a small amount of nuclear fuel is turned into a tremendous amount of energy.

To appreciate that in practical terms, let us compare the fuel requirements for a coal power plant and a reactor of the same wattage of 1000 MWe. The coal plant needs daily 8000 – 9000 tons of coal, while the reactor requires about 30 tons of nuclear fuel once every 18 months to replace about one-third of the core fuel. Nuclear fuel that has been used in the core for over four years and declared as used or spent fuel still contains about 95% of original fuel.

Ghana’s nuclear power programme development presents a good opportunity to override Ghana’s power sector challenges in the medium to long term whiles meeting Ghana’s intended nationally determined contribution.
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By: Dr. Isaac Newton Acquah

The author is a former Scientific Staff, GAEC & a former Safeguard Inspector, IAEA.

The post Tackling energy poverty in sub-saharan Africa: Introduction appeared first on Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always.

This investment is led by CRE Venture Capital with participation from DBL Partners, Amplo, Salesforce and TLcom Capital, with some investors like Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, GV, and Spark Capital.

Andela was launched in 2014 to build a network of technology leaders on the African continent and bridge the divide between the US and African tech sectors.

It has offices in Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda, and has hired 500 developers.

“Andela is investing in our continent’s future technology leaders, who are already playing a much-needed role in solving both African and global problems,” Seni Sulyman, Country Director of Andela Nigeria said.

“With each new partnership, we are simultaneously proving to the global tech industry that brilliance is evenly distributed irrespective of gender, culture or nationality. As we unleash the entire generation of technologists, we will secure Africa’s role as an equal partner working alongside the rest of the world to advance human potential.”

The company plans to launch offices in two additional African countries next year, doubling its developer base from 500 to 1000.

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By: Jeffrey Owuraku Sarpong/citifmonline.com/Ghana
Follow @ojsarpong

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Growth rates in developing economies are many times higher than in developed economies. Currently, Ethiopia has the fastest growing economy in the world. Report from the McKinsey 7 Company says the continent’s gross domestic product will hit $2.6 trillion by 2020.

Regardless of this impressive height, Africa is still saddled with challenges as a result of the falling prices of commodities on the international market as well as other regional imbalances.

The World Bank says growth in Sub-Saharan Africa slowed markedly in 2016 to 1.5% and is projected to recover moderately in 2017.

Slower growth rates continue to heighten the continent’s poverty level.

Although the fiscals may not be entirely impressive, the “Africa Rising” narrative is still gaining momentum as a result of the activities being undertaken by the World Bank on the continent. The following paragraphs highlight the interventions by the world bank to salvage Africa’s underdevelopment.

World Bank assistance

In 2016, the African region was granted $9.3 billion to undertake 109 projects among others.

The Bretton Woods institution has devised means to address the diverse issues confronting the African continent.

Improving agricultural productivity

Undoubtedly, the Regional Sahel Pastoralism Support Project of the World Bank is one of the effective means deployed by the Bank to rescue Africa’s drowning agriculture sector. The agriculture sector is the lead employer in Africa yet underdeveloped.

The $248 million active project has been rolled to improve access to essential productive assets, services, and markets for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in selected trans-border areas and along transhumance axes across six Sahel countries.

Access to affordable and reliable energy

Accessibility to electricity is one of the prime challenges of the continent even though it has a lot of untouched renewable energy. The West African country Ghana has received $700 million for a facility to boost energy called the Sankofa Gas Project.

Building climate resilience and adapting to a changing climate

Global climate change is already having a toll on the continent. According to the Climate Change Vulnerability Index for 2015, seven of the ten countries most at risk from climate change are in Africa. The report shows that the change in temperature has affected the health, livelihoods, food productivity, water availability, and overall security of the African people.

In the face of this, the World Bank and other stakeholders have agreed to establish the West Africa coastal observatory to enhance the knowledge base on climate change hazards.

Developed framework for working in fragile and conflict affected states

Conflicts in middle-income countries are common and the World Bank keeps channeling lots of resources to resolving conflict them. The various initiatives put in place by the Bank helps rebuild fragile economies after conflicts. The operations of the Bank in the Great Lakes and the Horn of Africa is addressing the pressing issue of displacement.

Addressing fragility, conflict, and violence is a strategic priority to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity.

Development in the Sub Saharan Africa is still nothing to write home about in general terms. The question is will activities by development partners such as World Bank help Africa achieve its success story? It remains to be seen.

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Credit: World Bank

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